TY - JOUR T1 - The Dual Role of Inflammatory Responses following Vibrio cholerae Infection in Cholerae pathogenesis TT - نقش دوگانه پاسخ‌های التهابی متعاقب عفونت ویبریوکلرا در بیماری‌زایی وبا JF - JABS JO - JABS VL - 7 IS - 3 UR - http://jabs.fums.ac.ir/article-1-1255-en.html Y1 - 2017 SP - 297 EP - 306 KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - Cholerae Toxin KW - inflammatory responses. N2 - Cholera is an acute and dangerous intestinal diarrhea that leads to death if hypovolemic shock occures. Vibrio cholera, as a causative agent of cholera, is a noninvasive enteric gram-negative bacteria which exerts its pathological effects by producing cholerae toxin (CT). The first time, the acute inflammatory responses of Cholerae was considered when the development of laboratory techniques in the last years demonstrated that CT can induce lipid mediators synthesis like prostaglandin E2, F2 and leukotrienes and recruit neutrophils, mast cells, macrophages and other immune cells. The recruited cells respond to infection by lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase secretion in the excretory liquid and production of inflammatory cytokines like, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6. On the one hand, the formed inflammatory responses, stimulate innate and adaptive immune system and produce antibodies against Vibrio cholerae, but on the other hand, it enhances the excretion of water and salts from the gastrointestinal tract epithelial cells and induces apoptosis and loss of defensive function of epithelial barrier. Although the epithelial cell shedding and excretion of infected fluids from the intestinal tract is the body’s natural defensive mechanism to remove bacteria, but in the case of the failure in bacteria reduction and lost fluid compensation by serum therapy, the disease will lead to death. Therfore the use of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs will be effective besides serum therapy to reduce the number of baceria and fluid loss from the body and repair the epithelial barrier. M3 ER -