Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences

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Bachground & Objectives: In the brain ischemia, the production of free radicals increases. Salvia is a rich source of antioxidant compounds therefore, in this study we will examine the effects of Salvia extracts on brain edema and score of neurological deficits. 

Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, each containing 7 rats. The control group received distilled water, and the other three groups received intrapertioneally hydroalcoholic extracts of Salvia officinalis with dosages of 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg for 3 weeks (1+3=4, Where is the other group? There should be five groups but there are only four groups here.). Thereafter, each main group underwent 60 min middle cerebral artery occlusion 2 hours after the last injection of Salvia extracts .This occlusion caused ischemia in the right hemisphere. Then, the brain edema was assessed, and the neurologic deficits were analyzed. The sham group was not treated and no induction of brain ischemia. Brain edema was analyzed through SPSS18 software and LSD method, while the analysis of neurologic deficits was carried out by Mann-Whitney U.

Results: Our study results indicate that the hydroalcoholic extracts of Salvia reduced permeability brain edema in three dosages of 50, 75, and 100mg/kg (83/29±0/42 , 82/10±0/32 and 81/29±0/48, respectively) compared with the control group (85/31±0/58). They also reduced the neurologic deficits in experimental groups of 75 and 100 mg/kg (1/43±0/37 and 1±0/31, respectively) compared with the control group (3/71±0/42) (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Salvia officinalis apparently have a protective effect against stroke damage due to the reduced brain edema and neurological disorders.

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Background & Objective: Schizophrenia is one of the most fundamental challenges related to mental health. Linguistic disorganization and dysregulation are considered the main symptoms of schizophrenia diagnosis. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anticipatory effect of alexithymia and emotional-dysregulation disorder on language disorders in schizophrenic patients.
Material & Methods: This is a descriptive and analytic study in cross-sectional correlation method. Sample groups are from 81 patients who were selected using purposive sampling method. They are all psychotic patients that were hospitalized at the Razi psychiatric hospital of Tehran, and they are educated as high as high-school diploma in 2016. Participants completed the following questionnaires: Toronto Alexithymia-Scale (TAS-20), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation-Scale (DERS) and the Farsi Aphasia-Test (Nilipoor). The collected data were analyzed using inferential statistics of regression analyzing data, multivariate analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient through SPSS-22.
Results: Results showed that the variable of alexithymia had a stronger anticipatory role in language impairments than the variable of emotional regulation among schizophrenic patients (P<0/01) was observed between these two variables and language impairments. The Results of regression analysis of these two on the subscales of language impairments showed that these variables (respectively) had the highest impact on improvised-conversation and listening-comprehension and the lowest impact on oral-expression. Also it could be concluded that about 19% of language impairments’ variance could be predicted by two variables of alexithymia and emotional dysregulation.
Conclusion: Results of this study showed that alexithymia and emotional dysregulation disorder could be important psychological factors for predicting schizophrenia.
 

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Background & Objective: In Autism Spectrum Disorder, the role of functional deficit like hypo-functionality in Frontal lobe, Hippocampus, Amygdala with top-down control hypothesis or reduced functional connectivity has been considered by theories like theory of mind or executive function theory. But new findings in the fields of neurobiology and neuroscience have challenged these theories and these lead to a new theory that was introduced by Hennry Markram in 2007. This theory is presented as "Intense World Theory". Markram believes that hyper-functionality, hyper-reactivity and Hyper-plasticity in brain's microcircuits with a down-up pathway is the basis of Autism.
Conclusion: In this study various aspects of intense world theory, empirical evidence, and challenges and criticisms of this theory are discussed. In addition to creating a new research scope and paying attention to the underlying mechanisms of the brain, this review may lead to early diagnosis of disorder and effective therapeutic procedure in the medical, psychological and other fields.
 

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